https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9B3gBhcwqM

Symbiosis sometimes results in two organisms merging. This has happened two times before, creating the mitochondria and chloroplast organelles. A third organelle, the nitroplast, was discovered sometime around the COVID-19 pandemic in the algae Braarudosphaera Bigelowii due to the combined research efforts of Kyoko Hagino (Kochi, Japan), Jon Zehr (UC Santa Cruz), and Tyler Coale (UC Santa Cruz).

Before this discovery, it was generally understood that Complex Life (Eukaryotes) needed Nitrogen to survive but couldn't get it themselves because Nitrogen breaks down in the presence of oxygen. So, Complex Life needed to depend on Simple Life (Bacteria and Archaea) to get Nitrogen, as these species did not need oxygen to survive.

Most of our atmosphere on Earth is made of nitrogen, so finding a way to let plants get their own nitrogen from the air so that we no longer have to produce fertilizer has been a dream for growing crops. The discovery of Nitroplast gives us something to research that could one day lead to genetically modified plants that can get their own nitrogen.